The Derma Co. 5% Nia-Ceramide Daily Hydrating Moisturizer| 5% Niacinamide, 2% Ceramide | 24 hours Moisturization |PENTAVITIN, Vitamin E & Squalane |Normal Skin-100 gm

1,2-Hexanediol is a multifunctional ingredient widely used in skincare and cosmetic formulations. This colorless, low-viscosity liquid belongs to the aliphatic alcohol family and serves as a versatile humectant, preservative enhancer, and solvent. Its molecular structure allows it to attract and retain moisture, contributing to improved hydration in skincare products.

As a preservative booster, 1,2-Hexanediol works synergistically with traditional preservatives, enhancing their efficacy and allowing for lower concentrations of potentially irritating antimicrobial agents. This property makes it particularly valuable in formulating gentle, yet microbiologically stable products.

In addition to its preservative-enhancing capabilities, 1,2-Hexanediol functions as an effective solvent, aiding in the dissolution and dispersion of active ingredients and fragrances. This characteristic improves the overall stability and sensory properties of cosmetic formulations.

The ingredient also exhibits emollient properties, contributing to a smooth and pleasant skin feel. Its low molecular weight allows for easy penetration into the stratum corneum, potentially enhancing the delivery of other active ingredients.

While generally well-tolerated, as with any skincare ingredient, patch testing is recommended for individuals with sensitive skin or a history of allergic reactions.

Ascorbyl Propyl Hyaluronate is an innovative skincare ingredient that combines the benefits of vitamin C and hyaluronic acid. This water-soluble compound is a derivative of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) bonded to a low molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Its unique structure allows for enhanced stability and improved penetration into the skin compared to traditional forms of vitamin C.

The ingredient offers multiple benefits for skin health and appearance. It provides potent antioxidant protection, helping to neutralize free radicals and combat oxidative stress. This action aids in preventing premature aging and environmental damage. Ascorbyl Propyl Hyaluronate also supports collagen synthesis, promoting skin firmness and elasticity.

The hyaluronic acid component contributes to skin hydration, attracting and retaining moisture within the epidermis. This helps to plump the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, the ingredient exhibits brightening properties, potentially helping to even skin tone and reduce hyperpigmentation.

Due to its stability and efficacy, Ascorbyl Propyl Hyaluronate is suitable for various skincare formulations, including serums, moisturizers, and anti-aging products. Its gentle nature makes it appropriate for most skin types, including sensitive skin.

Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, is a naturally occurring compound found in various plants and animals. This versatile ingredient has gained significant attention in skincare formulations due to its multifaceted benefits. As a powerful humectant, betaine attracts and retains moisture in the skin, helping to maintain hydration levels and improve overall skin texture.

One of betaine's key attributes is its ability to function as an osmolyte, regulating cellular water balance and protecting against environmental stressors. This property makes it particularly effective in strengthening the skin barrier and enhancing its resilience. Additionally, betaine exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness.

In skincare products, betaine is often used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5%. It is compatible with a wide range of other ingredients and can be incorporated into various formulations, including serums, moisturizers, and cleansers. Betaine's gentle nature makes it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin. Its stability across different pH levels and temperatures further enhances its versatility in product formulation.

Butylene Glycol is a versatile organic compound widely used in skincare and cosmetic formulations. This colorless, viscous liquid functions as a humectant, solvent, and conditioning agent. Its molecular structure allows it to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective hydrating ingredient for various skin types.

In skincare products, Butylene Glycol serves multiple purposes. It acts as a penetration enhancer, facilitating the delivery of other active ingredients deeper into the skin layers. This property improves the overall efficacy of formulations containing beneficial compounds such as antioxidants or peptides. Additionally, it contributes to the smooth texture and spreadability of creams, serums, and lotions.

Butylene Glycol also exhibits antimicrobial properties, helping to preserve product integrity and extend shelf life. Its low molecular weight allows for quick absorption without leaving a greasy residue, making it suitable for both oily and dry skin types. While generally well-tolerated, some individuals with sensitive skin may experience mild irritation.

This ingredient is commonly found in a wide range of skincare products, including moisturizers, toners, and masks, typically at concentrations between 1% and 5%. Its multifunctional nature and compatibility with various formulations make Butylene Glycol a valuable component in modern skincare.

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a versatile and widely used ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations. This clear, odorless oil is derived from coconut oil and glycerin, combining medium-chain fatty acids (primarily caprylic and capric acids) with glycerol. Its molecular structure allows it to function as an excellent emollient and skin-conditioning agent, providing a smooth, non-greasy feel to products.

The ingredient's low viscosity and spreading properties make it an ideal carrier for other active ingredients, enhancing their penetration into the skin. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride exhibits good stability and resistance to oxidation, contributing to extended shelf life in formulations. It helps to form a protective barrier on the skin, reducing transepidermal water loss and improving hydration.

In skincare, this compound is valued for its ability to soften and smooth the skin without clogging pores. It's particularly beneficial for dry or sensitive skin types. The ingredient also possesses mild antimicrobial properties, which can be advantageous in certain formulations. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally well-tolerated and considered safe for use in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, sunscreens, and makeup.

Ceramide 1, also known as ceramide EOS, is a crucial component of the skin's natural barrier function and plays a vital role in maintaining skin health. This long-chain ceramide is composed of esterified ω-hydroxy fatty acids and sphingosine, making it unique among ceramides. It is particularly abundant in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin.

Ceramide 1 functions as a key lipid in the skin's protective barrier, helping to prevent moisture loss and protect against environmental stressors. It contributes to the formation of lamellar sheets between corneocytes, which are essential for maintaining skin hydration and preventing the entry of harmful substances.

In skincare formulations, Ceramide 1 is often used to replenish the skin's natural ceramide levels, which can become depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or certain skin conditions. It is particularly beneficial for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin, as it helps to strengthen the skin barrier, improve moisture retention, and enhance overall skin resilience. Ceramide 1 is typically incorporated into moisturizers, serums, and barrier repair creams to support optimal skin function and promote a healthier, more balanced complexion.

Ceramide 2, also known as N-stearoyl sphinganine, is a vital lipid component found naturally in the skin's protective barrier. This synthetic ceramide closely mimics the structure of naturally occurring ceramides, making it an essential ingredient in advanced skincare formulations. Ceramide 2 plays a crucial role in maintaining skin hydration, elasticity, and overall barrier function.

As a key element of the stratum corneum, Ceramide 2 helps to form a protective layer that locks in moisture and shields the skin from environmental stressors. It works synergistically with other lipids to create a cohesive barrier, preventing transepidermal water loss and enhancing skin resilience. This ingredient is particularly beneficial for individuals with dry, sensitive, or compromised skin, as it helps to restore and strengthen the skin's natural defense mechanisms.

In skincare products, Ceramide 2 is often combined with other ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol to create a balanced lipid profile that closely resembles the skin's natural composition. This approach ensures optimal absorption and effectiveness, leading to improved skin texture, reduced inflammation, and enhanced overall skin health.

Ceramide 3, also known as N-stearoyl phytosphingosine, is a synthetic lipid molecule that closely mimics naturally occurring ceramides in the skin's protective barrier. This essential component plays a crucial role in maintaining skin hydration, elasticity, and overall health. As a key structural element of the stratum corneum, Ceramide 3 helps to fortify the skin's lipid matrix, enhancing its ability to retain moisture and defend against environmental stressors.

In skincare formulations, Ceramide 3 is prized for its ability to replenish and support the skin's barrier function, making it particularly beneficial for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It aids in reducing transepidermal water loss, thereby improving skin hydration and smoothness. Additionally, Ceramide 3 has been shown to help regulate cell differentiation and lipid synthesis in the epidermis, contributing to improved skin texture and resilience.

Typically incorporated at concentrations between 0.1% to 2% in skincare products, Ceramide 3 is compatible with a wide range of formulations, including creams, lotions, and serums. Its stability and effectiveness make it a valuable ingredient in anti-aging, barrier repair, and moisturizing products.

Ceramide 4, also known as N-hexadecanoyl-phytosphingosine, is a vital component of the skin's natural barrier function. This synthetic lipid molecule closely mimics the structure of naturally occurring ceramides in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis. Ceramide 4 plays a crucial role in maintaining skin hydration, enhancing moisture retention, and improving overall skin barrier integrity.

In skincare formulations, Ceramide 4 is prized for its ability to replenish the skin's lipid content, particularly in individuals with dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It helps to reduce transepidermal water loss, leading to improved skin hydration and a smoother, more supple complexion. Additionally, Ceramide 4 contributes to strengthening the skin's protective barrier against environmental stressors and irritants.

This ingredient is often incorporated into moisturizers, serums, and targeted treatments for dry or mature skin. Its compatibility with other skincare actives makes it a versatile component in various formulations. Ceramide 4 is generally well-tolerated and can be beneficial for all skin types, particularly those seeking to enhance skin barrier function and combat signs of aging.

Ceramide 6 II, also known as Ceramide AP, is a crucial component in advanced skincare formulations. This synthetic ceramide mimics the structure and function of naturally occurring ceramides in the skin's barrier. Ceramide 6 II consists of a phytosphingosine base linked to a long-chain fatty acid, typically α-hydroxy palmitic acid.

As an essential lipid in the stratum corneum, Ceramide 6 II plays a vital role in maintaining skin hydration and protecting against environmental stressors. It helps strengthen the skin's barrier function by filling gaps between skin cells, reducing transepidermal water loss, and improving overall skin health. This ingredient is particularly beneficial for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin.

In skincare products, Ceramide 6 II is often combined with other ceramides and fatty acids to create a more comprehensive barrier-repairing formulation. It can be found in various products, including moisturizers, serums, and creams. The ingredient is well-tolerated by most skin types and can help alleviate symptoms associated with conditions like eczema and psoriasis. Regular use of products containing Ceramide 6 II can lead to improved skin texture, increased hydration, and enhanced resilience against external aggressors.