The Derma Co 1% Salicylic Acid Oil-free Moisturizer for Face With Oat Extract For Active Acne

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a versatile and widely used humectant in skincare formulations. This colorless, odorless, viscous liquid is derived from both natural and synthetic sources, including vegetable oils and petrochemicals. As a hygroscopic substance, glycerin attracts and retains moisture, making it highly effective in hydrating and moisturizing the skin.

In skincare products, glycerin typically comprises 0.5% to 5% of the formulation. It functions by drawing water from the environment and deeper skin layers to the surface, enhancing skin hydration and improving barrier function. This moisture-binding property helps to reduce transepidermal water loss, leading to smoother, more supple skin.

Glycerin's low molecular weight allows it to penetrate the stratum corneum, providing hydration to deeper skin layers. It also exhibits emollient properties, helping to soften and smooth the skin's surface. Additionally, glycerin has been shown to enhance the penetration of other active ingredients in skincare formulations.

While generally well-tolerated, high concentrations of glycerin can potentially cause a tacky feel on the skin or draw out too much moisture in low-humidity environments. Therefore, it is often combined with other moisturizing agents for optimal efficacy and skin feel.

Lanolin is a natural, waxy substance derived from sheep's wool, widely used in skincare and cosmetic products for its exceptional emollient and moisturizing properties. This versatile ingredient acts as an occlusive agent, forming a protective barrier on the skin to prevent moisture loss and enhance hydration. Lanolin's molecular structure closely resembles human sebum, allowing it to effectively penetrate the skin and provide long-lasting moisture retention.

Rich in cholesterol and fatty acids, lanolin helps to repair and strengthen the skin barrier, making it particularly beneficial for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It exhibits excellent compatibility with other skincare ingredients and can enhance the absorption of active compounds. Lanolin's water-binding capacity enables it to absorb up to twice its weight in water, contributing to its effectiveness in treating conditions like eczema and psoriasis.

While generally well-tolerated, lanolin can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, particularly those with wool allergies. Purified forms of lanolin are available to minimize potential sensitization. When formulating with lanolin, it's essential to consider its texture, melting point, and potential interactions with other ingredients to optimize product stability and efficacy.

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetic and personal care products. This synthetic compound, derived from phenol and ethylene oxide, plays a crucial role in preventing microbial growth and extending product shelf life. With its chemical formula C8H10O2, phenoxyethanol appears as a colorless, oily liquid with a faint rose-like odor.

Effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, yeasts, and molds, phenoxyethanol is particularly valuable in water-based formulations. It functions optimally at pH levels between 3 and 8.5, making it compatible with a wide range of skincare and cosmetic products. Typically used at concentrations of 0.5% to 1%, phenoxyethanol is considered safe for most individuals when used as directed.

While phenoxyethanol offers excellent preservation properties, it is often combined with other preservatives for enhanced efficacy. Its stability in the presence of sunlight and compatibility with other cosmetic ingredients contribute to its popularity among formulators. However, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions, particularly at higher concentrations. Regulatory bodies, including the FDA and EU Cosmetics Regulation, have approved phenoxyethanol for use in cosmetics within specified limits, reflecting its established safety profile when used appropriately.

Steareth-2 is a versatile emulsifier and surfactant commonly used in cosmetic and personal care formulations. This synthetic ingredient is derived from ethoxylated stearyl alcohol, created by reacting stearyl alcohol with ethylene oxide. Its primary function is to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions, helping to blend oil and water-based components in products such as creams, lotions, and cleansers.

With a low HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) value of approximately 4.9, Steareth-2 is particularly effective in creating stable emulsions with a rich, creamy texture. It also serves as a mild cleansing agent and helps to solubilize fragrances and essential oils in aqueous formulations. Steareth-2 is often used in combination with other emulsifiers to achieve optimal stability and texture in various skincare and cosmetic products.

This ingredient is generally well-tolerated by most skin types and is considered safe for use in cosmetics when formulated properly. However, as with any synthetic ingredient, some individuals may experience sensitivity. Steareth-2 is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in finished products, depending on the specific formulation requirements and desired product characteristics.

Steareth-21 is a versatile emulsifying and solubilizing agent commonly used in cosmetic and personal care formulations. This synthetic ingredient is derived from ethoxylated stearyl alcohol, created through the reaction of stearyl alcohol with ethylene oxide. Its structure consists of a hydrophobic stearyl chain and a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol chain, giving it both oil-loving and water-loving properties.

In skincare products, Steareth-21 functions primarily as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients into stable, homogeneous mixtures. It also acts as a surfactant, reducing surface tension and enhancing the spread and absorption of formulations. The ingredient's mild nature makes it suitable for a wide range of skin types, including sensitive skin.

Steareth-21 is particularly effective in creating light, non-greasy textures in creams, lotions, and cleansers. It contributes to improved product stability and shelf-life while also enhancing the solubility of other ingredients. The compound's ability to form liquid crystals in emulsions can lead to enhanced moisturization effects on the skin.