Teatreement™ Toner for Oily Skin

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract, derived from the Roman chamomile plant, is a potent botanical ingredient widely used in skincare formulations. This extract is renowned for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it particularly beneficial for sensitive and reactive skin types. Rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and essential oils, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract offers a multitude of skin benefits.

The extract's primary functions include calming irritated skin, reducing redness, and alleviating inflammation. It also possesses mild antiseptic properties, which can help in managing acne-prone skin. Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract is known to enhance skin barrier function, promoting better moisture retention and protection against environmental stressors.

In skincare formulations, this ingredient is often incorporated into products targeting sensitive skin, such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It pairs well with other soothing ingredients like aloe vera and niacinamide. The extract's gentle nature makes it suitable for daily use and can be beneficial in addressing various skin concerns, including eczema, rosacea, and general skin irritation. Its natural origin and low risk of adverse reactions make it a popular choice in both conventional and clean beauty products.

Citric acid is a naturally occurring alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) found in citrus fruits and widely used in skincare formulations. This versatile ingredient serves multiple purposes in dermatological products, primarily as a pH adjuster and mild exfoliant. Its ability to lower the pH of formulations helps stabilize other active ingredients and enhance product efficacy.

As an exfoliant, citric acid gently removes dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover and improving skin texture. This action can help reduce the appearance of fine lines, uneven skin tone, and mild hyperpigmentation. Additionally, citric acid possesses antioxidant properties, offering some protection against free radical damage.

In skincare, citric acid is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%, depending on the product's intended purpose. It's often found in cleansers, toners, serums, and chemical peels. While generally well-tolerated, individuals with sensitive skin should introduce citric acid-containing products gradually to assess tolerance.

Beyond its exfoliating and antioxidant benefits, citric acid can enhance the skin's moisture retention capabilities and aid in the absorption of other active ingredients. Its multifunctional nature makes it a valuable component in various skincare formulations targeting diverse skin concerns.

Ethylhexylglycerin is a multifunctional synthetic ingredient widely used in cosmetic and personal care products. This clear, colorless liquid acts primarily as a preservative enhancer, working synergistically with other preservatives to improve their efficacy and extend product shelf life. Derived from glycerin, ethylhexylglycerin exhibits gentle antimicrobial properties, helping to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi in formulations.

Beyond its preservative-boosting capabilities, ethylhexylglycerin serves as an effective emollient and skin conditioning agent. It helps improve the texture and spreadability of products while providing a smooth, non-greasy feel on the skin. This ingredient also functions as a deodorant agent, helping to reduce body odor by inhibiting the growth of odor-causing bacteria.

Ethylhexylglycerin is generally well-tolerated by most skin types and is considered safe for use in concentrations typically found in cosmetic products. Its versatility makes it a valuable ingredient in a wide range of formulations, including moisturizers, sunscreens, makeup, and hair care products. While some individuals may experience mild irritation, adverse reactions to ethylhexylglycerin are rare, contributing to its popularity in the cosmetics industry.

Pinus pinaster bark extract, derived from the maritime pine tree native to the Mediterranean region, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent widely used in skincare formulations. This extract is rich in oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), powerful polyphenol compounds known for their exceptional free radical scavenging abilities.

The extract's primary benefits stem from its ability to neutralize oxidative stress, protect collagen and elastin fibers, and enhance microcirculation in the skin. It effectively combats signs of aging by reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles while improving skin elasticity and firmness. Pinus pinaster bark extract also demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing sensitive or irritated skin conditions.

Research indicates that this ingredient can help strengthen the skin barrier function, increase hyaluronic acid production, and provide photoprotection against UV-induced damage. Its ability to inhibit melanin synthesis may contribute to a more even skin tone and reduced hyperpigmentation. The extract's water-binding properties also aid in maintaining skin hydration. Due to its multifaceted benefits, Pinus pinaster bark extract is frequently incorporated into anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and targeted treatments for various skin concerns.

Sodium citrate is a versatile compound widely used in skincare and cosmetic formulations. This salt of citric acid serves multiple functions, including pH adjustment, chelation, and buffering. Its ability to regulate acidity makes it valuable for maintaining product stability and optimizing the effectiveness of other active ingredients.

In skincare, sodium citrate acts as a gentle exfoliant by promoting cell turnover and improving skin texture. It also exhibits mild antimicrobial properties, which can help in managing acne-prone skin. As a chelating agent, it binds to metal ions, preventing them from interfering with product performance and potentially irritating the skin.

The ingredient's buffering capacity helps create a more favorable environment for sensitive skin by reducing potential irritation from acidic or alkaline substances. Sodium citrate also enhances the penetration of certain active ingredients, improving their efficacy.

Its humectant properties contribute to skin hydration, helping to maintain moisture balance. Additionally, sodium citrate possesses antioxidant characteristics, offering some protection against free radical damage. Its safety profile is well-established, making it suitable for a wide range of skincare products, from cleansers and toners to serums and moisturizers.