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Glycolic acid is a potent alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane and is widely used in skincare for its exfoliating and rejuvenating properties. With the smallest molecular size among AHAs, glycolic acid penetrates the skin effectively, making it a popular choice for addressing various skin concerns. It works by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover, and stimulating collagen production.

This ingredient is particularly effective for treating hyperpigmentation, fine lines, and uneven skin texture. Glycolic acid also has humectant properties, helping to hydrate the skin and improve overall moisture retention. Its ability to unclog pores makes it beneficial for acne-prone skin, while its exfoliating action can help reduce the appearance of acne scars.

Typical concentrations in over-the-counter products range from 5% to 10%, while professional treatments may use higher concentrations. It's important to note that glycolic acid can increase skin sensitivity to UV radiation, so sunscreen use is crucial when incorporating this ingredient into a skincare routine. Those with sensitive skin should start with lower concentrations and gradually increase usage to minimize potential irritation.