Radish Seed Refining Peel

DESCRIPTION

What It Does: Provides fatty acid emolliency and soap precursor activity.

Why It's Used: Fatty acid emollient/soap precursor — fatty acids provide skin conditioning in free form and form classical soaps on neutralisation with alkali, providing the oldest cleansing chemistry known.

How It Works: Mixed fatty acid blend. free acid: emollient, barrier. naoh/koh neutralisation → soap. saponification: classic soap-making chemistry. emollient: free acid sc integration. conditioning. traditional ingredient.

Typically Found In: Soap formulation,emollient products

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Primary Category: Active ingredient – cosmetic active

Secondary Functions: Skin conditioning

Application Areas:

Facial Skincare

Body Care

Hair Care

Beard Care

Color Cosmetics (Makeup)

Dietary/Oral Supplements

Typical Concentration Range: 0.5%–20%

SOURCING & ETHICS

Vegan Status: Conditional

Halal Status: Yes

Source Notes: Commercially produced for cosmetic use. verify vegan/halal status with supplier.

SKIN COMPATIBILITY

Irritancy Rating: 1/5 – very low

Comedogenicity Rating: 0/5 – non-comedogenic

Sensitivity Concerns: Well-tolerated by most skin types.

Safe for Sensitive Skin: Yes

SAFETY & COMPATIBILITY

Safety Profile: Good safety profile at recommended concentrations. ewg score: 1–2.

Works Well With: Standard skincare actives

Avoid Combining With: No known significant incompatibilities

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

Fatty acid soap ionisation ph sensitivity: free fatty acids (rcooh) form soaps (rcoo-) above their pka (~4.5-5.0). at skin ph 5.5, fatty acid soaps partially ionise providing a natural buffering that moderates soap harshness. in the soap transition zone (ph 5-7), the equilibrium between rcooh (non-irritating) and rcoo- (cleansing) provides simultaneous mild cleansing and skin compatibility — the natural soap buffering explaining why fatty acid-based cleansers at slightly acidic ph are gentler than fully alkaline formulations.

Last Verified: Cosing database,fatty acid soap ionisation ph review

Primary Sources: 2026-03-12

DESCRIPTION

What It Does: Provides hygroscopic moisture retention from the supersaturated sugar content, broad-spectrum antimicrobial protection from glucose oxidase-generated h2o2 and bee defensin-1, wound healing activity from hydrogen peroxide oxidative signalling, and antioxidant protection from honey's polyphenol content.

Why It's Used: Honey's antimicrobial mechanism (h2o2 + defensin-1 peptide) provides broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including mrsa — with the unique property that no documented antimicrobial resistance exists against honey after thousands of years of use.

How It Works: Glucose oxidase in honey catalyses glucose + o2 → gluconolactone + h2o2 (0.5-1 mm) providing sustained low-level h2o2 antimicrobial activity. bee defensin-1 (royalisin) provides direct membrane-disrupting antimicrobial peptide activity. the 70-80% sugar content provides 0.5-0.6 water activity insufficient for microbial growth — the combined mechanisms explaining honey's extraordinary preservation properties.

Typically Found In: Anti-aging,wound care,antimicrobial skin care

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Primary Category: Active ingredient – humectant

Secondary Functions: Moisture retention,hydration

Application Areas:

Facial Skincare

Body Care

Hair Care

Beard Care

Color Cosmetics (Makeup)

Dietary/Oral Supplements

Typical Concentration Range: 1%–20%

SOURCING & ETHICS

Vegan Status: No – bee

Halal Status: Conditional

Source Notes: Plant-derived or fermentation-produced.

SKIN COMPATIBILITY

Irritancy Rating: 1/5 – very low

Comedogenicity Rating: 0/5 – non-comedogenic

Sensitivity Concerns: Non-irritating; suitable for sensitive skin.

Safe for Sensitive Skin: Yes

SAFETY & COMPATIBILITY

Safety Profile: Excellent safety profile. ewg score: 1.

Works Well With: Ceramides,emollients,occlusives,barrier actives

Avoid Combining With: No significant incompatibilities

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

Manuka honey (from leptospermum scoparium) provides the highest medical-grade antimicrobial activity from methylglyoxal (mgo) content supplementing the h2o2 mechanism — umf/mgo certification ensures standardised antimicrobial potency for clinical wound care applications.

Last Verified: Cosing database,mel honey multi-active humectant antimicrobial review

Primary Sources: 2026-03-22

DESCRIPTION

What It Does: Delivers characteristic cosmetic function at recommended use concentration.

Why It's Used: Selected for functional contribution and formulation compatibility supported by cosmetic science and regulatory safety data.

How It Works: Works through the mechanism of its molecular class as documented in peer-reviewed cosmetic literature.

Typically Found In: Skin care formulations

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Primary Category: Active ingredient – cosmetic active

Secondary Functions: Skin conditioning

Application Areas:

Facial Skincare

Body Care

Hair Care

Beard Care

Color Cosmetics (Makeup)

Dietary/Oral Supplements

Typical Concentration Range: 0.1%–10%

SOURCING & ETHICS

Vegan Status: Conditional

Halal Status: Yes

Source Notes: Commercially produced for cosmetic use. verify vegan/halal status with supplier.

SKIN COMPATIBILITY

Irritancy Rating: 1/5 – very low

Comedogenicity Rating: 0/5 – non-comedogenic

Sensitivity Concerns: Well-tolerated by most skin types.

Safe for Sensitive Skin: Yes

SAFETY & COMPATIBILITY

Safety Profile: Good safety profile at recommended concentrations. ewg score: 1–2.

Works Well With: Standard skincare actives

Avoid Combining With: No known significant incompatibilities

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

Melissa officinalis has an established safety profile within the cosmetic regulatory framework at standard use concentrations.

Last Verified: Cosing database,melissa officinalis technical literature

Primary Sources: 2026-03-12

DESCRIPTION

What It Does: Provides antioxidant protection from polyphenol radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory activity from terpenoid nf-kb/cox pathway inhibition, and skin conditioning from the secondary metabolite complex.

Why It's Used: Raphanus sativus seed extract is selected for the characteristic secondary metabolite signature of raphanus sativus — whether polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, or polysaccharides, the phytochemical profile provides antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or skin conditioning benefits specific to this botanical species.

How It Works: Polyphenol catechol h-atom donation for ros scavenging (10⁶-10⁹ m⁻¹s⁻¹); terpenoids inhibit iκb kinase; flavonoids compete at cox-1/2; alkaloids modulate specific receptor targets.

Typically Found In: Botanical skin care

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Primary Category: Active ingredient – antioxidant

Secondary Functions: Free radical scavenging,anti-aging

Application Areas:

Facial Skincare

Body Care

Hair Care

Beard Care

Color Cosmetics (Makeup)

Dietary/Oral Supplements

Typical Concentration Range: 0.1%–10%

SOURCING & ETHICS

Vegan Status: Conditional

Halal Status: Conditional

Source Notes: Plant-derived extract or synthetic.

SKIN COMPATIBILITY

Irritancy Rating: 1/5 – very low

Comedogenicity Rating: 0/5 – non-comedogenic

Sensitivity Concerns: Non-irritating; well-tolerated.

Safe for Sensitive Skin: Yes

SAFETY & COMPATIBILITY

Safety Profile: Excellent safety profile. ewg score: 1.

Works Well With: Vitamin c,vitamin e,ferulic acid,spf,other antioxidants

Avoid Combining With: No significant incompatibilities

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

Standardise to marker compounds for consistent bioactivity — field-grown material varies 3-10× in secondary metabolite content.

Last Verified: Cosing database,raphanus sativus seed extract botanical extract review

Primary Sources: 2026-03-22

DESCRIPTION

What It Does: Provides gentle natural bha-type exfoliation with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial benefits.

Why It's Used: Natural and clean beauty bha alternative with gentler exfoliation than synthetic salicylic acid and added anti-inflammatory phenolics.

How It Works: Salicin content converted to salicylic acid in skin by esterases. polyphenol content (tannic acid, flavonoids) provides additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Typically Found In: Natural/clean beauty exfoliants,anti-acne formulations,toners

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Primary Category: Active ingredient – natural salicylate source

Secondary Functions: Anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,natural exfoliant

Application Areas:

Facial Skincare

Body Care

Hair Care

Beard Care

Color Cosmetics (Makeup)

Dietary/Oral Supplements

Typical Concentration Range: 1%–5%

SOURCING & ETHICS

Vegan Status: Yes – plant-derived

Halal Status: Yes

Source Notes: Synthetic via kolbe-schmitt reaction or from willow bark extract.

SKIN COMPATIBILITY

Irritancy Rating: 2/5 – low to moderate

Comedogenicity Rating: 0/5 – anti-comedogenic

Sensitivity Concerns: Gentler than synthetic salicylic acid; well-tolerated by sensitive skin.

Safe for Sensitive Skin: Yes – preferred natural bha for sensitive skin

SAFETY & COMPATIBILITY

Safety Profile: Safe at otc concentrations (0.5–2%). avoid in pregnancy at high concentrations.

Works Well With: Niacinamide,zinc,hyaluronic acid,ceramides

Avoid Combining With: Multiple exfoliating acids simultaneously; avoid in pregnancy at high concentrations

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

Natural willow bark extract provides lower concentrations of salicin vs synthetic salicylic acid, delivering gentler exfoliation. the accompanying polyphenols provide anti-inflammatory activity that may counteract exfoliation-related irritation.

Last Verified: Cosing database,cir safety assessment,dermatology botanicals review

Primary Sources: 2026-03-12

DESCRIPTION

What It Does: Provides antioxidant protection, soothing anti-inflammatory effects, and skin-conditioning benefits through plant-derived polyphenols and phytochemicals.

Why It's Used: Plant extracts concentrate bioactive phytochemicals evolved for environmental protection — uv, microbial, and oxidative stressors — that translate to skin benefits.

How It Works: Polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids) inhibit nf-κb-mediated inflammatory signaling, scavenge reactive oxygen species through electron donation, and chelate pro-oxidant metal ions to reduce oxidative skin damage.

Typically Found In: Serums,toners,moisturizers,masks,essences

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Primary Category: Botanical extracts

Secondary Functions: Antioxidant,anti-inflammatory

Application Areas:

Facial Skincare

Body Care

Hair Care

Beard Care

Color Cosmetics (Makeup)

Dietary/Oral Supplements

Typical Concentration Range: 0.1–10%

SOURCING & ETHICS

Vegan Status: Yes

Halal Status: Yes

Source Notes: Plant-derived extract; no animal components.

SKIN COMPATIBILITY

Irritancy Rating: 1

Comedogenicity Rating: 0

Sensitivity Concerns: Low sensitization potential at recommended use concentrations.

Safe for Sensitive Skin: Yes

SAFETY & COMPATIBILITY

Safety Profile: Well-characterized cosmetic ingredient with established safety profile. generally non-irritating at typical use concentrations. suitable for leave-on and rinse-off cosmetics.

Works Well With: Niacinamide,hyaluronic acid,vitamin c,ceramides

Avoid Combining With: Strong oxidizing agents

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

Plant secondary metabolites (flavonoids, terpenes, phenolic acids) are biosynthesized as defense compounds against uv, herbivores, and pathogens. their anti-inflammatory activity typically derives from competitive inhibition of cox-2 and 5-lox enzymes (ic50 1–50 µm), while antioxidant activity involves single electron transfer (set) and hydrogen atom transfer (hat) mechanisms with structure-dependent rate constants.

Last Verified: Cosing eu database; pcpc cosmetic ingredient safety reviews; phytochemical and ethnobotanical literature

Primary Sources: 2025-01-15