Plum 2% Niacinamide & Rice Water Hybrid Face Sunscreen with SPF 50 PA+++ | No White Cast - 50 gm

Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer is a synthetic polymer widely used in skincare and cosmetic formulations as a thickening and stabilizing agent. This versatile ingredient is composed of ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate and vinylpyrrolidone (VP) monomers, creating a copolymer with excellent rheological properties.

The copolymer functions as an emulsion stabilizer, enhancing the texture and consistency of various products such as creams, lotions, and gels. It provides a smooth, non-tacky feel and improves the overall sensory experience of skincare formulations. Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer is particularly effective in creating stable oil-in-water emulsions, making it valuable for formulating products with both hydrophilic and lipophilic components.

This ingredient is compatible with a wide range of active ingredients and can be used in both acidic and alkaline environments. It exhibits good stability in the presence of electrolytes and functions effectively across a broad pH range. The copolymer also demonstrates resistance to high temperatures, making it suitable for use in heat-processed formulations. Its ability to form clear gels and its compatibility with various cosmetic ingredients make it a popular choice among formulators seeking to create innovative and effective skincare products.

Benzophenone-3, also known as oxybenzone, is a widely used organic compound in sunscreen formulations and other personal care products. This synthetic chemical functions as a broad-spectrum UV filter, effectively absorbing both UVA and UVB radiation. Its ability to protect against a wide range of ultraviolet light makes it a valuable ingredient in sun protection formulas.

Chemically, benzophenone-3 is a aromatic ketone with the molecular formula C14H12O3. It appears as a pale yellow solid at room temperature and is soluble in most organic solvents. In sunscreens, it typically comprises 1-6% of the formulation.

While effective in UV protection, benzophenone-3 has faced scrutiny due to potential environmental and health concerns. Studies have suggested it may contribute to coral reef bleaching and disrupt endocrine function in some marine life. Additionally, there are concerns about its potential for skin absorption and allergic reactions in humans.

Due to these issues, some jurisdictions have restricted or banned its use in sunscreens. Formulators are increasingly exploring alternative UV filters to replace benzophenone-3 in sun care products, balancing efficacy with environmental and health considerations.

Benzyl alcohol is a versatile organic compound widely used in skincare and cosmetic formulations. This colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aromatic odor serves multiple functions in product development. Primarily, benzyl alcohol acts as a preservative, inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi to extend the shelf life of skincare products. Its antimicrobial properties make it particularly valuable in water-based formulations.

In addition to its preservative role, benzyl alcohol functions as a solvent and viscosity-decreasing agent. It helps dissolve other ingredients and can improve the texture and spreadability of creams and lotions. At lower concentrations, benzyl alcohol exhibits anesthetic properties, providing a slight numbing effect that can temporarily soothe minor skin irritations.

While generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, benzyl alcohol can cause sensitivity in some individuals, particularly at higher concentrations. It's typically used at levels between 0.1% and 1% in skincare formulations. As with any ingredient, patch testing is recommended for those with sensitive skin or a history of allergic reactions. Benzyl alcohol is approved by regulatory bodies worldwide for use in cosmetics, but formulators must adhere to concentration limits set by governing authorities.

Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, also known as Avobenzone, is a crucial ingredient in modern sunscreen formulations. This oil-soluble compound belongs to the class of dibenzoylmethane derivatives and functions as a highly effective UVA filter. It absorbs a broad spectrum of UVA rays, particularly in the 320-400 nm range, providing superior protection against long-wave ultraviolet radiation that penetrates deep into the skin.

Avobenzone's molecular structure allows it to absorb UV energy and convert it into less damaging forms of energy, such as heat. This process helps prevent UV-induced skin damage, including premature aging and DNA mutations that can lead to skin cancer. However, Avobenzone can be photounstable when used alone, potentially degrading upon exposure to sunlight. To enhance its stability and efficacy, it is often combined with other UV filters or stabilizing agents in sunscreen formulations.

The ingredient is approved by regulatory bodies worldwide, including the FDA and EU Commission, for use in sunscreens at concentrations up to 3%. While generally well-tolerated, some individuals may experience skin sensitization. Formulators must carefully balance Avobenzone's concentration with other active and inactive ingredients to maximize its protective benefits while minimizing potential irritation.

Caprylyl Glycol is a multifunctional ingredient widely used in skincare and cosmetic formulations. This alcohol-based compound, derived from caprylic acid, serves as an effective moisturizer, preservative enhancer, and skin conditioning agent. Its molecular structure allows it to function as both a humectant, drawing moisture to the skin, and an emollient, helping to soften and smooth the skin's surface.

As a preservative booster, Caprylyl Glycol works synergistically with traditional preservatives, enhancing their efficacy and allowing for reduced concentrations of potentially irritating antimicrobial agents. This property makes it particularly valuable in formulating gentle, minimally preserved products suitable for sensitive skin.

Caprylyl Glycol also exhibits mild antimicrobial properties, contributing to product stability and shelf life. Its low molecular weight facilitates easy absorption into the skin, promoting efficient delivery of other active ingredients in a formulation. Typically used at concentrations between 0.1% and 1%, Caprylyl Glycol is generally well-tolerated and compatible with a wide range of other skincare ingredients. Its versatility and multiple benefits make it a valuable component in various skincare products, from lightweight serums to rich creams.

D-Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a versatile and highly effective skincare ingredient widely used in cosmetic formulations. This water-soluble compound is the biologically active form of pantothenic acid, a crucial component of coenzyme A, which plays a vital role in cellular metabolism. When applied topically, D-Panthenol penetrates the skin and converts to pantothenic acid, offering numerous benefits for skin health and appearance.

D-Panthenol functions as a potent humectant, attracting and retaining moisture within the skin, thereby improving hydration and reducing transepidermal water loss. This moisturizing effect helps to maintain skin barrier function and promote a smoother, more supple complexion. Additionally, D-Panthenol exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

Research has demonstrated D-Panthenol's ability to stimulate epithelial cell proliferation and accelerate wound healing. It also enhances skin elasticity and has been shown to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. D-Panthenol's mild nature makes it suitable for various skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. Its stability in formulations and compatibility with other skincare ingredients further contribute to its widespread use in moisturizers, serums, and other topical products.

Dimethicone, also known as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is a versatile silicone-based polymer widely used in skincare and cosmetic formulations. This synthetic ingredient is prized for its ability to create a smooth, silky texture and form a protective barrier on the skin's surface. Dimethicone is characterized by its clear, colorless appearance and its unique ability to spread easily without feeling greasy or heavy.

In skincare products, dimethicone functions as an emollient and occlusive agent, helping to reduce transepidermal water loss and maintain skin hydration. It also acts as an effective skin protectant, shielding against environmental stressors and irritants. Dimethicone's film-forming properties contribute to the temporary filling of fine lines and wrinkles, creating a smoother skin appearance.

This ingredient is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and is non-comedogenic. It's commonly found in moisturizers, serums, primers, and foundations. Dimethicone's molecular structure allows it to blend well with other ingredients, enhancing the overall texture and performance of skincare formulations. While some concerns have been raised about its potential environmental impact, dimethicone remains a staple in many skincare products due to its efficacy and versatility.

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, also known as Octinoxate, is a widely used organic compound in sunscreen formulations and cosmetic products. This synthetic UV filter primarily protects against UVB rays, which are responsible for sunburn and play a significant role in photoaging and skin cancer development. Its chemical structure allows it to absorb UV radiation and convert it into less harmful forms of energy, typically heat.

With a molecular weight of 290.4 g/mol, Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is an oil-soluble ingredient that enhances the texture and spreadability of sunscreen products. It is often combined with other UV filters to achieve broad-spectrum protection. The ingredient has a maximum allowed concentration of 7.5% in the United States and 10% in the European Union.

While effective, Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate has raised some environmental concerns due to its potential impact on coral reefs. Additionally, some studies suggest it may have weak estrogenic effects, though the clinical significance remains debated. Despite these concerns, it remains FDA-approved and is considered safe for human use when applied as directed. Ongoing research continues to evaluate its long-term effects and potential alternatives in sunscreen formulations.

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a versatile and widely used humectant in skincare formulations. This colorless, odorless, viscous liquid is derived from both natural and synthetic sources, including vegetable oils and petrochemicals. As a hygroscopic substance, glycerin attracts and retains moisture, making it highly effective in hydrating and moisturizing the skin.

In skincare products, glycerin typically comprises 0.5% to 5% of the formulation. It functions by drawing water from the environment and deeper skin layers to the surface, enhancing skin hydration and improving barrier function. This moisture-binding property helps to reduce transepidermal water loss, leading to smoother, more supple skin.

Glycerin's low molecular weight allows it to penetrate the stratum corneum, providing hydration to deeper skin layers. It also exhibits emollient properties, helping to soften and smooth the skin's surface. Additionally, glycerin has been shown to enhance the penetration of other active ingredients in skincare formulations.

While generally well-tolerated, high concentrations of glycerin can potentially cause a tacky feel on the skin or draw out too much moisture in low-humidity environments. Therefore, it is often combined with other moisturizing agents for optimal efficacy and skin feel.