Dr.Jart+ Ceramidin Skin Barrier Serum Toner

1,2-Hexanediol is a multifunctional ingredient widely used in skincare and cosmetic formulations. This colorless, low-viscosity liquid belongs to the aliphatic alcohol family and serves as a versatile humectant, preservative enhancer, and solvent. Its molecular structure allows it to attract and retain moisture, contributing to improved hydration in skincare products.

As a preservative booster, 1,2-Hexanediol works synergistically with traditional preservatives, enhancing their efficacy and allowing for lower concentrations of potentially irritating antimicrobial agents. This property makes it particularly valuable in formulating gentle, yet microbiologically stable products.

In addition to its preservative-enhancing capabilities, 1,2-Hexanediol functions as an effective solvent, aiding in the dissolution and dispersion of active ingredients and fragrances. This characteristic improves the overall stability and sensory properties of cosmetic formulations.

The ingredient also exhibits emollient properties, contributing to a smooth and pleasant skin feel. Its low molecular weight allows for easy penetration into the stratum corneum, potentially enhancing the delivery of other active ingredients.

While generally well-tolerated, as with any skincare ingredient, patch testing is recommended for individuals with sensitive skin or a history of allergic reactions.

Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, is a naturally occurring compound found in various plants and animals. This versatile ingredient has gained significant attention in skincare formulations due to its multifaceted benefits. As a powerful humectant, betaine attracts and retains moisture in the skin, helping to maintain hydration levels and improve overall skin texture.

One of betaine's key attributes is its ability to function as an osmolyte, regulating cellular water balance and protecting against environmental stressors. This property makes it particularly effective in strengthening the skin barrier and enhancing its resilience. Additionally, betaine exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness.

In skincare products, betaine is often used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5%. It is compatible with a wide range of other ingredients and can be incorporated into various formulations, including serums, moisturizers, and cleansers. Betaine's gentle nature makes it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin. Its stability across different pH levels and temperatures further enhances its versatility in product formulation.

Carbomer is a synthetic polymer widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. This high-molecular-weight compound is composed of acrylic acid monomers cross-linked with allyl sucrose or allyl pentaerythritol. Its ability to form clear, stable gels at low concentrations makes it invaluable in various skincare products.

In aqueous solutions, carbomer swells to form a three-dimensional network, providing viscosity control and a smooth, luxurious texture to creams, lotions, and gels. Its pH-dependent behavior allows for precise rheology modification, enhancing product stability and shelf life. Carbomer is particularly effective in oil-in-water emulsions, where it helps prevent phase separation and improves product consistency.

This ingredient is generally well-tolerated by most skin types and is considered non-comedogenic. It can help suspend and stabilize active ingredients, ensuring uniform distribution throughout the product. Carbomer's film-forming properties also contribute to improved moisture retention in the skin, making it beneficial in hydrating formulations.

Citronellol is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol found in various essential oils, including rose, geranium, and citronella. This versatile ingredient is widely used in skincare and cosmetic formulations due to its pleasant floral scent and beneficial properties. Citronellol exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory characteristics, making it valuable for addressing skin concerns such as acne and irritation.

In skincare products, citronellol functions as a fragrance component and a skin-conditioning agent. It helps to mask unpleasant odors and imparts a fresh, uplifting aroma to formulations. Additionally, its ability to penetrate the skin allows it to deliver potential benefits beyond its aromatic properties.

Research suggests that citronellol may possess antioxidant properties, potentially helping to neutralize free radicals and combat oxidative stress in the skin. It also demonstrates insect-repellent qualities, which can be advantageous in outdoor-oriented skincare products.

While generally well-tolerated, citronellol can cause sensitization in some individuals, particularly those with fragrance allergies. As with any fragrant ingredient, patch testing is recommended before widespread use. Formulators typically incorporate citronellol at concentrations below 1% to minimize the risk of adverse reactions while maintaining its beneficial effects.

Dextrin is a versatile carbohydrate compound derived from the partial hydrolysis of starch. This polysaccharide plays a significant role in skincare formulations due to its multifaceted properties. As a natural humectant, dextrin attracts and retains moisture, helping to maintain skin hydration and improve overall texture.

In cosmetic applications, dextrin functions as an effective thickening and stabilizing agent, enhancing product consistency and shelf life. Its film-forming capabilities contribute to the creation of smoother, more even skin surfaces, temporarily reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Dextrin's molecular structure allows for gradual breakdown on the skin, making it an ideal carrier for active ingredients. This property enables controlled release of beneficial compounds, potentially improving their efficacy and longevity. Additionally, dextrin exhibits mild exfoliating properties, gently removing dead skin cells and promoting cellular turnover.

Research suggests that dextrin may have antioxidant properties, potentially offering protection against free radical damage. Its low allergenic profile makes it suitable for sensitive skin types. When incorporated into skincare formulations, dextrin can enhance product texture, improve skin feel, and contribute to overall skin health and appearance.

Erythritol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol found in fruits and fermented foods, widely used in skincare formulations for its multifaceted benefits. This non-comedogenic ingredient functions as a humectant, drawing moisture to the skin and helping to maintain hydration levels. Erythritol's molecular structure allows it to penetrate the stratum corneum, enhancing skin barrier function and reducing transepidermal water loss.

In topical applications, erythritol exhibits antioxidant properties, neutralizing free radicals and potentially mitigating oxidative stress-induced skin damage. Its gentle exfoliating action aids in cell turnover, promoting a smoother skin texture. Erythritol also demonstrates antimicrobial activity, making it valuable in formulations targeting acne-prone skin.

As a non-irritating and hypoallergenic ingredient, erythritol is suitable for sensitive skin types. It synergizes well with other active ingredients, often enhancing their efficacy. In cosmetic formulations, erythritol contributes to product stability and improves texture, creating smoother, more easily spreadable products. Its low molecular weight allows for quick absorption, leaving no sticky residue on the skin surface.

Ethylhexylglycerin is a multifunctional synthetic ingredient widely used in cosmetic and personal care products. This clear, colorless liquid acts primarily as a preservative enhancer, working synergistically with other preservatives to improve their efficacy and extend product shelf life. Derived from glycerin, ethylhexylglycerin exhibits gentle antimicrobial properties, helping to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi in formulations.

Beyond its preservative-boosting capabilities, ethylhexylglycerin serves as an effective emollient and skin conditioning agent. It helps improve the texture and spreadability of products while providing a smooth, non-greasy feel on the skin. This ingredient also functions as a deodorant agent, helping to reduce body odor by inhibiting the growth of odor-causing bacteria.

Ethylhexylglycerin is generally well-tolerated by most skin types and is considered safe for use in concentrations typically found in cosmetic products. Its versatility makes it a valuable ingredient in a wide range of formulations, including moisturizers, sunscreens, makeup, and hair care products. While some individuals may experience mild irritation, adverse reactions to ethylhexylglycerin are rare, contributing to its popularity in the cosmetics industry.

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a versatile and widely used humectant in skincare formulations. This colorless, odorless, viscous liquid is derived from both natural and synthetic sources, including vegetable oils and petrochemicals. As a hygroscopic substance, glycerin attracts and retains moisture, making it highly effective in hydrating and moisturizing the skin.

In skincare products, glycerin typically comprises 0.5% to 5% of the formulation. It functions by drawing water from the environment and deeper skin layers to the surface, enhancing skin hydration and improving barrier function. This moisture-binding property helps to reduce transepidermal water loss, leading to smoother, more supple skin.

Glycerin's low molecular weight allows it to penetrate the stratum corneum, providing hydration to deeper skin layers. It also exhibits emollient properties, helping to soften and smooth the skin's surface. Additionally, glycerin has been shown to enhance the penetration of other active ingredients in skincare formulations.

While generally well-tolerated, high concentrations of glycerin can potentially cause a tacky feel on the skin or draw out too much moisture in low-humidity environments. Therefore, it is often combined with other moisturizing agents for optimal efficacy and skin feel.

Panthenol, also known as pro-vitamin B5, is a versatile and widely used ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations. This alcohol form of pantothenic acid readily converts to vitamin B5 when absorbed by the skin, offering numerous benefits for skin health and appearance.

As a humectant, panthenol attracts and retains moisture, helping to hydrate the skin and improve its barrier function. This property makes it particularly effective in treating dry, flaky, or irritated skin conditions. Panthenol also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, soothing redness and promoting skin healing.

In hair care products, panthenol can penetrate the hair shaft, improving moisture retention and enhancing shine and manageability. Its ability to form a protective film on the skin and hair makes it valuable in leave-on and rinse-off formulations alike.

Panthenol is generally well-tolerated by most skin types and is often used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. Its stability in various pH environments and compatibility with other common skincare ingredients make it a versatile choice for formulators. Regular use of panthenol-containing products can contribute to improved skin texture, reduced signs of irritation, and enhanced overall skin health.

Propanediol, also known as 1,3-propanediol, is a versatile and increasingly popular ingredient in skincare formulations. This clear, colorless liquid is derived from corn sugar through a fermentation process, making it a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based glycols. Propanediol functions as a solvent, humectant, and emollient in skincare products, offering multiple benefits for the skin.

As a humectant, propanediol attracts and retains moisture, helping to keep the skin hydrated and plump. Its low molecular weight allows for efficient penetration into the skin, enhancing the delivery of other active ingredients. This property makes it an excellent choice for improving the efficacy of various skincare formulations.

Propanediol also acts as a preservative booster, helping to maintain product stability and extend shelf life. It has a low irritation potential, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Additionally, this ingredient can improve the texture and spreadability of products, enhancing the overall user experience.

In cosmetic formulations, propanediol is commonly used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 10%, depending on the product type and desired effects. Its multifunctional nature and skin-friendly profile make it a valuable addition to a wide range of skincare products, from serums and moisturizers to toners and masks.