Back to Ingredient Dictionary

PCA

Description

Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid (PCA), also known as 5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative found in human skin. It plays a crucial role in maintaining skin hydration and is a key component of the Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF). PCA is highly hygroscopic, meaning it can attract and retain significant amounts of water, making it an excellent humectant in skincare formulations.

In cosmetic products, PCA is typically used at concentrations between 1-3%. It effectively enhances skin moisture content, improves skin elasticity, and helps maintain the skin's barrier function. PCA has been shown to reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and increase skin hydration levels for up to 24 hours after application. Its molecular structure allows it to penetrate the stratum corneum, providing deep hydration.

PCA is compatible with most skincare ingredients and is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin. It has a low potential for irritation and is non-comedogenic. In addition to its moisturizing properties, PCA may also have mild exfoliating effects, helping to improve skin texture and tone. Its ability to enhance skin hydration makes it particularly beneficial in anti-aging formulations and products designed for dry or dehydrated skin.