Back to Ingredient Dictionary

P-HYDROXYANISOLE

Description

P-hydroxyanisole, also known as 4-methoxyphenol or hydroquinone monomethyl ether, is a synthetic organic compound with potent skin-lightening properties. This ingredient functions as a tyrosinase inhibitor, effectively disrupting the melanin production process in the skin. Its molecular structure allows it to penetrate the skin barrier and target melanocytes, the cells responsible for pigment production.

In skincare formulations, p-hydroxyanisole is typically used at concentrations between 0.1% to 2%, depending on regulatory guidelines in different regions. It exhibits synergistic effects when combined with other depigmenting agents like kojic acid or vitamin C. The compound's efficacy in treating hyperpigmentation, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation has been demonstrated in several clinical studies.

However, p-hydroxyanisole is associated with potential side effects, including skin irritation, contact dermatitis, and paradoxical hyperpigmentation in some individuals. Long-term use may lead to ochronosis, a condition characterized by blue-black pigmentation. Due to safety concerns, its use is restricted or banned in cosmetic products in certain countries. When incorporated into formulations, antioxidants and skin-soothing ingredients are often added to mitigate potential adverse reactions.