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NITROFURAZONE

Description

Nitrofurazone is a potent topical antimicrobial agent that has been used in dermatology and wound care for decades. This synthetic nitrofuran derivative exhibits broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain fungi and protozoa. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting bacterial enzymes essential for carbohydrate metabolism, ultimately leading to cell death.

Typically formulated as a 0.2% ointment or cream, nitrofurazone is primarily indicated for the treatment of superficial skin infections, burns, and ulcers. It demonstrates particular efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Escherichia coli. The compound's ability to penetrate necrotic tissue makes it valuable in managing infected wounds and promoting healing.

However, nitrofurazone's use has become limited due to concerns about potential carcinogenicity and the development of bacterial resistance. It may cause local irritation, contact dermatitis, or systemic side effects if absorbed in significant quantities. Alternative antimicrobials with improved safety profiles are often preferred in modern dermatological practice. Despite these limitations, nitrofurazone remains available in some regions for specific indications where its benefits outweigh potential risks.