Back to Ingredient Dictionary

FORMIC ACID

Description

Formic acid, also known as methanoic acid, is a naturally occurring organic compound with the chemical formula HCOOH. It is the simplest carboxylic acid and plays a significant role in skincare formulations due to its unique properties. This colorless, pungent liquid is found in nature, most notably in ant venom and stinging nettles.

In skincare, formic acid functions primarily as an exfoliant and pH adjuster. Its small molecular size allows for efficient penetration into the skin, promoting cell turnover and improving skin texture. At low concentrations, it can help balance the skin's pH, creating an environment less hospitable to harmful bacteria.

Formic acid exhibits mild antimicrobial properties, making it useful in acne-prone skin formulations. It can also enhance the penetration of other active ingredients, potentially increasing their efficacy. However, its use requires careful consideration due to its potential for skin irritation at higher concentrations.

Typically, formic acid is used in concentrations between 0.1% to 2% in skincare products, depending on the formulation's purpose and overall composition. It's often found in chemical peels, toners, and exfoliating serums aimed at addressing concerns such as uneven skin texture, hyperpigmentation, and acne.