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Dihydroxyacetone

Description

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a colorless sugar compound widely used in the cosmetic industry as the primary active ingredient in sunless tanning products. This molecule interacts with amino acids in the skin's surface layers to produce a brownish pigment called melanoidins through a process known as the Maillard reaction. DHA is typically derived from plant sources such as sugar beets or fermented glycerin.

The efficacy of DHA in producing a tanned appearance varies depending on its concentration, usually ranging from 3% to 10% in commercial formulations. Higher concentrations generally result in darker coloration. The tan develops gradually over several hours and can last up to a week, fading as the skin naturally exfoliates.

While DHA is considered safe for topical use by regulatory agencies, it's important to note that it does not provide UV protection. Some studies suggest that DHA may temporarily increase skin's susceptibility to free radical damage when exposed to UV radiation. Therefore, additional sun protection measures are crucial when using DHA-based products.

Formulators often combine DHA with other ingredients like erythrulose to enhance color development and moisturizers to improve skin feel and application uniformity.