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CIS-RETINOIC ACID

Description

Cis-retinoic acid, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid or isotretinoin, is a potent derivative of vitamin A that plays a crucial role in dermatology and skincare. This compound is structurally similar to all-trans retinoic acid but exhibits distinct pharmacological properties. Cis-retinoic acid is primarily used in the treatment of severe, recalcitrant nodular acne that has not responded to other therapies.

The mechanism of action of cis-retinoic acid involves reducing sebum production, decreasing inflammation, and normalizing follicular keratinization. It effectively shrinks sebaceous glands and inhibits sebocyte differentiation, leading to a significant reduction in acne lesions. Cis-retinoic acid also demonstrates antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects, making it beneficial in treating other dermatological conditions such as psoriasis and ichthyosis.

Due to its potency, cis-retinoic acid is available only by prescription and requires careful monitoring during treatment. Side effects can include dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, elevated liver enzymes, and teratogenicity. The typical treatment course lasts 15-20 weeks, with dosages tailored to individual patient needs. Long-term remission of acne is often achieved following a full course of therapy with cis-retinoic acid.